Sources &
further reading.

#

1. 24-O-1218 Z-24-43 an Ordinance, Nos. 24-O-1218 (2024). atlantacityga.iqm2.com ↗
2. 2026 Data Center Power Report January 2026 When Power Defines Growth: How Power Availability Is Reshaping the Data Center Industry. Bloom Energy, 2026.

A

1. Act (FOIA), Freedom of Information. “FOIA.Gov (Freedom of Information Act) Home Page.” Accessed March 16, 2026. foia.gov ↗
2. Aljbour, Jordan, Tom Wilson, and Poorvi Patel. Powering Intelligence: Analyzing Artificial Intelligence and Data Center Energy Consumption. White Paper No. 3002028905. Electric Power Research Institute, 2024. epri.com ↗
3. Ascierto, Rhonda, Chris Brown, Todd Traver, Fred Dickerman, and Rich Van Loo. The People Challenge: Global Data Center Staffing Forecast 2021-2025. UI Intelligence No. 43. Uptime Institute, 2021. uptimeinstitute.com ↗

B

1. Barnett, Vince, and Antje Abshoff. “Data Centers.” Virginia Economic Development Partnership. Accessed March 12, 2026. vedp.org ↗
2. Barth, Adam, Arora Chhavi, Gayatri Shenai, Jesse Noffsinger, and Pankaj Schdeva. The Future of US Hyperscale Data Centers. Public Sector. McKinsey & Company, 2025. mckinsey.com ↗
3. Bernet, Brant, and Chris Herrman. Dallas-Ft. Worth Data Center Market. Intelligent Investment H2 2025. CBRE, 2026. cbre.com ↗
4. Bessasparis, Stephen, Shana Ramirez, Emily Zhao, Ye Zheng, Kush Patel, and Isabelle Riu. Forecasting Large Loads in the Age of AI and Data Centers. San Francisco: Energy and Environmental Economics, Inc. (E3), December 2025. ethree.com ↗
5. Blackhurst, Michael, Cameron Wade, Joe DeCarolis, Anderson Queiroz, Jeremiah Johnson, and Paulina Jaramillo. Data Center Growth Could Increase Electricity Bills 8% Nationally and as Much as 25% in Some Regional Markets. Carnegie Mellon University, 2025. cmu.edu ↗
6. Blunt, Katherine, and Jennifer Hiller. “Exclusive | A New Threat to Power Grids: Data Centers Unplugging at Once.” Markets. Wall Street Journal, March 1, 2026. wsj.com ↗
7. Brennan, Kate, and Alli Finn. “North Star Data Center Policy Toolkit: State and Local Policy Interventions.” AINow Institute, March 2026. docs.google.com ↗
8. Brolley, Tara. “San Marcos City Council Votes 5-2 to Deny AI Data Center Proposal.” KEYE, February 18, 2026. cbsaustin.com ↗
9. Brookings Institution. Why Are Electricity Prices Rising in the US and What Can Be Done about It? 2026. brookings.edu ↗
10. Brooks, Adria E., Michael Goggin, and John D. Wilson. Review of NERC’s 2025 Long-Term Reliability Assessment. March 5, 2026.
11. Bureau, US Census. “Employment in Data Centers Increased by More Than 60% From 2016 to 2023 But Growth Was Uneven Across the United States.” Census.Gov. Accessed March 9, 2026. census.gov ↗

C

1. Campbell, Dakin, and Hannah Beckler. “Are You Living near a Data Center? Our Interactive Map Shows Where Construction Is Skyrocketing.” Business Insider, September 29, 2025. businessinsider.com ↗
2. Carlson, Alex. 2025 NERC State of Reliability: Assessment Overview of 2024 Bulk Power System Performance. June 2025. nerc.com ↗
3. Case, Nathan. “Why Does It Take So Long to Connect a Data Center to the Grid?” Camus Energy, July 1, 2025. camus.energy ↗
4. Casomar, Catherine, and John Bangsund. Diesel Generators at Data Centers: Status, Impacts, and Protective Practices. March 2026. betterdatacenterproject.com ↗
5. CDC. “Air Pollution.” Climate and Health, January 14, 2025. cdc.gov ↗
6. Ceres: Sustainability Is the Bottom Line. “Drained by Data: The Cumulative Impact of Data Centers on Regional Water Stress.” Accessed April 1, 2026. ceres.org ↗
7. Chen, Sophia. “How Much Energy Will AI Really Consume? The Good, the Bad and the Unknown.” Nature 639, no. 8053 (2025): 22–24. doi.org ↗
8. Chow, Andrew R. “Inside the Memphis Community Battling Elon Musk’s xAI.” TIME, August 13, 2025. time.com ↗
9. Chwalisz, Claudia. “Data Centres Need a Social License to Operate.” Substack newsletter. Another Democratic Future, May 13, 2026. demnext.substack.com ↗
10. Cid, Christine. “Ordinance No. 2950 - Lake County Indiana.” August 12, 2025. lakecountyin.gov ↗
11. “City of Lowell - Planning Board Meeting Minutes.” March 2, 2026. lowellma.gov ↗
12. CNA Military Advisory Board. National Security and Assured U.S. Electrical Power. Arlington, VA, 2015. cna.org ↗
13. Copley, Michael. “Data Centers, Backbone of the Digital Economy, Face Water Scarcity and Climate Risk.” Climate. NPR, August 30, 2022. npr.org ↗
14. Crew, Cathie. “Big Rapids Twp. Ordinance Bans Data Centers in Airport Industrial Park.” Pioneer, December 8, 2025. bigrapidsnews.com ↗

D

1. “Data Centers Now Banned from Warrenton | News | Fauquier.Com.” Accessed March 25, 2026. fauquier.com ↗
2. “Data Centers: Understanding the Concerns.” Midwest Environmental Advocates, 2025. midwestadvocates.org ↗
3. DataCenterKnowledge. “Emerging Data Center Markets: Key Locations to Watch in 2026.” Accessed March 6, 2026. datacenterknowledge.com ↗
4. Datta, Arnab, and Tim Fist. Compute in America: A Policy Playbook | IFP. Institute for Progress, 2025. ifp.org ↗
5. David, Max. “New Pennsylvania Law Aims to Protect Ratepayers from Speculative Data Center Demand.” Kleinman Center for Energy Policy, January 30, 2026. kleinmanenergy.upenn.edu ↗
6. Devasia, Anish. “Data Center Operating Costs: Complete Guide.” Network Installation. Network Installers, December 29, 2025. thenetworkinstallers.com ↗
7. DiGangi, Diana. “Utilities Are Spending Billions on the Data Center Boom. What Are the Risks?” Utility Dive, March 6, 2026. utilitydive.com ↗
8. Dougherty, Bill, Jennifer Karnes, Jerry Inguagiato, Dylan Plane, and Kaitlyn Train. Silicon Valley Data Center Market. North America Data Center Trends H2 2025. 2025. cbre.com ↗
9. “Drought and Conservation Measures.” Accessed March 13, 2026. lvvwd.com ↗

E

1. Eagle Country 99.3. “Franklin Co. Commissioners Place Year-Long Moratorium on Data Centers.” March 26, 2026. eaglecountryonline.com ↗
2. ECF. “How Expensive Is It To Fix A Transmission Line?” EC Fennell, November 11, 2025. ecfconsultants.com ↗
3. “Electric Sales, Revenue, and Average Price - Energy Information Administration.” Accessed April 8, 2026. eia.gov ↗
4. “Energy Explained - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).” Accessed April 1, 2026. eia.gov ↗
5. “Energy Information Administration (EIA)- Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about the CBECS.” Accessed March 5, 2026. eia.gov ↗
6. Ensuring Artificial Intelligence & Power Needs Serve the Public Interest (2025). citizen.org ↗
7. Essex, Richard, and Joel Schipper. “Meade County Court Upholds Recommendation Not to Rezone 138-Acre Site for Proposed Data Center.” WDRB, October 14, 2025. wdrb.com ↗
8. “Evaluating the Reliability and Security of the United States Electric Grid.” Resource Adequacy Report. Department of Energy, July 2025. energy.gov ↗
9. “Evolving The Edge: How States Are Rewriting the Rules for Data Center Incentives in 2025.” DMA, n.d. Accessed March 6, 2026. dmainc.com ↗

F

1. Feldmann, Paige. “New Brief Offers Roadmap for States to Fight Back Against Big Tech’s Secret Data Center Subsidy Deals.” American Economic Liberties Project, November 11, 2025. economicliberties.us ↗
2. “FERC Orders Action on Co-Location Issues Related to Data Centers Running AI | Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.” Accessed March 13, 2026. ferc.gov ↗
3. “FERC Poised to Issue Decision on Colocating Large Loads in PJM | Utility Dive.” Accessed March 29, 2026. utilitydive.com ↗
4. Fitzmaurice, Peter, Jonathan Tacke, Ryan Cobey, and Layne Nelson. Characterizing Large Loads: A Taxonomy to Support Large Load Integration. INL/RPT-25-88356. Idaho National Lab, 2025. inl.gov ↗
5. Fitzpatrick, Alex, and Karri Peifer. “Mapped: Virginia Is Still No. 1 for Data Centers.” Axios, January 8, 2026. axios.com ↗
6. “Flexible Data Centers and the Grid: Lower Costs, Higher Emissions? | MIT Climate Portal.” Accessed March 9, 2026. climate.mit.edu ↗
7. Fuzaylov, Ariella. “Why Transmission Congestion Matters in the Energy Transition.” Synapse Energy, February 27, 2025. synapse-energy.com ↗

G

1. Gargano, Antonio, and Marco Giacoletti. “Subsidizing the Cloud: U.S. State Incentives to Data Centers.” SSRN Scholarly Paper No. 5881105. Social Science Research Network, December 7, 2025. doi.org ↗
2. Goetzel, Daniel, Mark Muro, and Shriya Methkupally. Turning the Data Center Boom into Long-Term, Local Prosperity. Brookings, 2026. brookings.edu ↗
3. Giffin, Connor. “Meade County Data Center Plans See Swift Rebuke, Rezoning Voted down in Tense Meeting.” The Courier-Journal, October 15, 2025. courier-journal.com ↗
4. Greenfield, Lawrence. “An Overview of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and Federal Regulation of Public Utilities.” June 2018. ferc.gov ↗
5. “Grid Mitigation Playbook_Draft - Google Docs.” Accessed March 17, 2026. docs.google.com ↗
6. “Growing Use of Secrecy Agreements between Developers and Local Governments Troubles Advocates of Open Government.” Accessed April 1, 2026. news.oilandgaswatch.org ↗

H

1. Hack, Joe. How Advanced Transmission Technologies Can Revamp the Aging US Power Grid. July 10, 2025. wri.org ↗
2. Hamm, Liz. “Data Center Project Guardrails Resolution Approved by Bernalillo County Commission.” Official Bernalillo County Website, February 11, 2026. bernco.gov ↗
3. Han, Yuelin, Zhifeng Wu, Pengfei Li, Adam Wierman, and Shaolei Ren. “The Unpaid Toll: Quantifying and Addressing the Public Health Impact of Data Centers.” arXiv:2412.06288. Preprint, arXiv, October 23, 2025. doi.org ↗
4. “Hanover Planning Commission Votes to Deny Rezoning for Data Center Development.” Accessed March 26, 2026. wtvr.com ↗
5. Hawley-Bates, Savannah. “Independence Gives Billions in Tax Breaks for a Massive Data Center, despite Outcry from Residents.” Politics, Elections and Government. KCUR - Kansas City News NPR, March 3, 2026. kcur.org ↗
6. Herr, Jared, and Jim Campi. “American Battlefield Trust and Allies Score Court Victory in Lawsuit to Protect Wilderness Battlefield.” American Battlefield Trust, September 17, 2025. battlefields.org ↗
7. “Hillsboro, OR Data Center Market.” Accessed March 12, 2026. cbre.com ↗
8. Howland, Ethan. “FERC Poised to Issue Decision on Colocating Large Loads in PJM.” Utility Dive, December 12, 2025. utilitydive.com ↗
9. Hurry, Dominic. “Facing Competition from Big Tech, States Dangle Incentives and Loosen Laws to Attract Power Plants.” The Associated Press, March 9, 2025. ap.org ↗

I

1. Izzotti, Alberto, Paola Spatera, Zumama Khalid, and Alessandra Pulliero. “Importance of Punctual Monitoring to Evaluate the Health Effects of Airborne Particulate Matter.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (2022): 10587. doi.org ↗

J

1. Jhaveri, Mitul, and Vijaykumar Palat. “Measuring AI’s Energy/Environmental Footprint to Access Impacts.” Federation of American Scientists, June 27, 2025. fas.org ↗
2. Jacobs, Mike. “Data Centers Are Already Increasing Your Energy Bills. We Have the Receipts.” Energy. The Equation, September 29, 2025. blog.ucs.org ↗

K

1. Kainz, Natalie. “How Big Tech Uses NDAs to Hide AI Data Center Details from Americans.” NBC News, October 28, 2025. nbcnews.com ↗
2. Kamiya, George, and Oskar Kvarnström. “Data Centres and Energy – from Global Headlines to Local Headaches? – Analysis.” IEA, December 20, 2019. iea.org ↗
3. Kane, Joseph W. “AI, Data Centers, and Water.” Brookings, November 20, 2025. brookings.edu ↗
4. Kearney, Laila. “Local Regulators Deny Rezoning Request for Pennsylvania Data Center Development.” Policy & Regulation. Reuters, February 10, 2026. reuters.com ↗
5. Khalil, Jahd. “Data Center Tax Break Takes Center Stage in Virginia Budget Plans.” VPM, February 23, 2026. vpm.org ↗
6. Krison, Mark. Phoenix Data Center Market. H2 2025. CBRE, 2026. cbre.com ↗
7. Kunichoff, Yana, and John Washington. “Pima County Votes to Change Two Policies — about NDAs and Environmental Impact Reviews — after ‘Lessons Learned’ from Project Blue.” AZ Luminaria, September 3, 2025. azluminaria.org ↗

L

1. Large Loads Task Force. “Characteristics and Risks of Emerging Large Loads.” White Paper. North American Electric Reliability Corporation, July 2025. nerc.com ↗
2. Lash, Mike, and Saisha Tsaku. “Atlanta Data Center Market.” CBRE. Accessed March 6, 2026. cbre.com ↗
3. Lauby, Mark. “Presentation: NERC Seeks to Address Reliability Impacts from Large Load Integration | Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.” In Headlines. April 17, 2025. ferc.gov ↗
4. Leayman, Emily. “Push For Higher Data Center Tax Gains Traction In Prince William County.” Patch, Manassas, VA, April 11, 2024. patch.com ↗
5. Leayman, Emily, and Patch Staff. “Meals Tax Rate, Others Changes In Budget Approved By Prince William Supervisors.” Woodbridge, VA Patch, April 23, 2025. patch.com ↗
6. Lei, Nuoa, Jun Lu, Arman Shehabi, and Eric Masanet. “The Water Use of Data Center Workloads: A Review and Assessment of Key Determinants.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 219 (June 2025): 108310. doi.org ↗
7. Leppert, Rebecca. “US Data Centers’ Energy Use amid the Artificial Intelligence Boom.” Emerging Technology. Pew Research Center, October 24, 2025. pewresearch.org ↗
8. Leppert, Rebecca. “What We Know about Energy Use at U.S. Data Centers amid the AI Boom.” Pew Research Center, October 24, 2025. pewresearch.org ↗
9. LeRoy, Greg, and Kasia Tarczynska. Data Center Tax Abatements: Why States and Localities Must Disclose These Soaring Revenue Losses. Good Jobs First, 2026. goodjobsfirst.org ↗
10. Lesieutre, Bernard C., and Joseph H. Eto. Electricity Transmission Congestion Costs: A Review of Recent Reports. LBNL--54049, 821764. 2003. doi.org ↗
11. Lesnefsky, Frank. “Data Center Opponents Push Back at Blakely Meeting.” The Times-Tribune, August 19, 2025. thetimes-tribune.com ↗
12. Ling, David, Andy Naranjo, and Benjamin Scheick. The Need for Speed: Internet Infrastructure Location and Real Asset Values. August 2022. aeaweb.org ↗
13. Lynch, Pat, Gordon Dolven, and Josh Ruttner. North America Data Center Trends. Intelligent Investment. CBRE, 2026. cbre.com ↗

M

1. Ma, Jason. “Developers Withdraw Request for Data Center in Blakely, Pennsylvania.” DCD, March 20, 2026. datacenterdynamics.com ↗
2. Ma, Jason. “Proposal for 800-Acre Data Center in Central Pennsylvania Has Been Denied.” DCD, February 16, 2026. datacenterdynamics.com ↗
3. Mahan, Josh. “Data Center Noise: Effective Strategies for Reduction - C&C Technology Group.” Data Centers. C&C WaveTech, February 12, 2024. cc-techgroup.com ↗
4. Mamon, Grace. “Data Centers Can Bring High-Paying Jobs and Millions in Tax Revenue. Is That What Southside Will Get?” Cardinal News, April 10, 2025. cardinalnews.org ↗
5. Mandler, C. “Three Mile Island Nuclear Plant Will Reopen to Power Microsoft Data Centers.” National. NPR, September 20, 2024. npr.org ↗
6. Mannion, Tom, Brent Horak, and Karen Baum. “Data Center Dangers: Environmental Challenges Reshaping the Industry.” BDO, February 18, 2026. bdo.com ↗
7. Martine, Eliza, and Ari Peskoe. Extracting Profits from the Public: How Utility Ratepayers Are Paying for Big Tech’s Power. March 2025. eelp.law.harvard.edu ↗
8. McCollum, Taylor Frazier. “Sign the Petition.” Change.Org, Landover, MD, June 21, 2025. change.org ↗
9. McGeady, Cy, Joseph Majkut, Barath Harithas, and Karl Smith. The Electricity Supply Bottleneck on U.S. AI Dominance. March 3, 2025. csis.org ↗
10. McHale, Matthew, and Hannah Wiseman. Nine Ways to Address the Energy Impacts of AI Data Centers. Vanderbilt Policy Accelerator, 2026. cdn.vanderbilt.edu ↗
11. McPherson County Board of Commissioners. “McPherson County Approves First Reading of Data-Center Ordinance after Detailed Public Hearing; Applicant Pledges Emergency-Services Funding.” Citizen Portal, South Dakota, June 3, 2025. citizenportal.ai ↗
12. Miller, Rich. “The Data Center Dividend: Tax Revenue Surges in Loudoun County.” Data Center Frontier, June 4, 2019. datacenterfrontier.com ↗
13. Monstadt, Jochen, and Katherine Saltzman. “How Data Centers Have Come to Matter: Governing the Spatial and Environmental Footprint of the ‘Digital Gateway to Europe.’” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 49, no. 4 (2025): 757–78. doi.org ↗
14. Montalbano, Sarah. “Amazon Leaves Becker in the Lurch with Loss of Data Center.” American Experiment, September 9, 2025. americanexperiment.org ↗
15. Muir, Martha. “‘Phantom’ Data Centres Muddy Forecasts for US Power Needs.” Artificial Intelligence. Financial Times, November 13, 2025. ft.com ↗
16. Myers, Ashleigh K., Robert A. James, Sid Fowler, Adam J. Weaver, and Samuel Bucher. “Trump EO, DOE Site Selections Accelerate AI & Data Center Development.” Pillsbury Law, Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, August 8, 2025. pillsburylaw.com ↗

N

1. National Conference of State Legislatures. “Policy Snapshot: Data Center Incentives.” April 17, 2026. ncsl.org ↗
2. NERC. “Resource Adequacy Risks Intensify Across North America as Demand Growth Surges.” January 29, 2026. nerc.com ↗
3. Newby, Eric Bonds, Viktor. “Data Centers, Non-Disclosure Agreements and Democracy • Virginia Mercury.” Virginia Mercury, April 30, 2025. virginiamercury.com ↗
4. Nichols, Charles. “Staff Report Chapter 107 Unified Development Code (UDC) Text Amendments.” Lynn County Planning & Development, February 18, 2026. linncountyiowa.gov ↗
5. Noel, Deanna, and Meghan Pazik. Policy Solutions to Address the Data Center Buildout. Public Citizen, 2025. citizen.org ↗
6. “Noise-Induced Hearing Loss.” National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, April 16, 2025. nidcd.nih.gov ↗
7. North American Reliability Corporation. Incident Review: Considering Simultaneous Voltage-Sensitive Load Reductions. Event Analysis. January 8, 2025, n.d. nerc.com ↗
8. NRG Editorial Voices. “Understanding Grid Congestion & Transmission Constraints: Market Impediment or Opportunity?” NRG Energy, April 22, 2025. nrg.com ↗
9. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. “About NRC.” November 25, 2025. nrc.gov ↗

O

1. Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response. “How It Works: The Role of a Balancing Authority.” Learning Series: Energy Security & Resilience. 2023. energy.gov ↗
2. Orenstein, Walker. “Amazon Must Prove It Needs 250 Diesel Generators at Becker Data Center, Minnesota Utility Regulators Say.” Environment. The Minnesota Star Tribune, February 28, 2025. startribune.com ↗

P

1. Pampaloni, Hanna. “Impacts to Loudoun’s Economy Uncertain as General Assembly Weighs Data Center Tax Changes.” LoudounNow.Com, March 5, 2026. loudounnow.com ↗
2. Peters, Andy. “Atlanta Considers Ban on New Data Center Development Near Walking Trails, Transit Stops.” CoStar News, August 28, 2024. costar.com ↗
3. Potter, Brian. How to Save America’s Transmission System. Institute for Progress, 2024. ifp.org ↗
4. Pratt, Richard. “Linn County Data Center Ordinance Gets Final Approval.” Corridor Business Journal, February 19, 2026. corridorbusiness.com ↗
5. “Prince William County, Virginia: Data Center Fiscal Impact Analysis.” PFM Group Consulting LLC, July 7, 2022. pwcva.gov ↗

Q

1. Quint, Ryan, Kyle Thomas, Jiecheng Zhao, Andrew Isaacs, and Casey Baker. Practical Guidance and Considerations for Large Load Interconnections. Elevate Energy Consulting, 2025. gridlab.org ↗

R

1. Reader, Laura Simmons /. High Plains. “Data Centers Love North Dakota. Should North Dakota Love Them?” The Daily Yonder, August 21, 2023. dailyyonder.com ↗
2. Reed, Rachel. “How Data Centers May Lead to Higher Electricity Bills.” Harvard Law School, September 3, 2025. hls.harvard.edu ↗
3. Remington, Jake, and Rod Carter. Tax Incentives for Data Centers 50 State Survey. Survey. Husch Blackwell, 2024. naiop.org ↗
4. Resource Adequacy Report Evaluating the Reliability and Security of the United States Electric Grid. U.S. Department of Energy, 2025. energy.gov ↗
5. Reuters. “Duke Energy Sees up to $2.9 Bln in Hurricane Restoration Costs.” Energy. November 7, 2024. reuters.com ↗
6. Rwejuna, Serena, and Aaron Bryant. “DOE Directs FERC to Accelerate Interconnection of Data Centers.” White & Case LLP, October 27, 2025. whitecase.com ↗

S

1. Scarboro, Morgan. “States Rethink Data Center Tax Incentives as Costs Soar.” MultiState. Data Centers, Tax & Budgets, February 4, 2026. multistate.us ↗
2. Schneider, David I. “Fairfax County, Virginia, Approves Updated Zoning Regulations Related to Data Centers | Insights | Holland & Knight.” Accessed March 25, 2026. hklaw.com ↗
3. Senate Bill 484 (2026) - The Florida Senate, 484, Florida Senate (2026). flsenate.gov ↗
4. Shearer, Brian. How to Lower Electricity Bills to $100 a Month. Vanderbilt Policy Accelerator, 2026. law.vanderbilt.edu ↗
5. Shehabi, Arman, Alex Newkirk, Sarah J. Smith, et al. 2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report. December 20, 2024. doi.org ↗
6. Sickles, Mark D. Data Centers in Virginia. JLARC Report No. 598. Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission, 2024. jlarc.virginia.gov ↗
7. Simonian, Amanda. “Data Center Volatility, Batteries and the Electric Grid’s New Reality.” Utility Dive, November 14, 2025. utilitydive.com ↗
8. Slocum, Tyson. “Congressional Testimony On Artificial Intelligence Data Center Energy Needs.” Public Citizen, April 1, 2025. citizen.org ↗
9. Spencer, Darcy. “Prince George’s County to Pause Data Center Development.” NBC4 Washington, September 15, 2025. nbcwashington.com ↗
10. Srivathsan, Bhargs, Marc Sorel, Pankaj Sachdeva, et al. “AI Data Center Growth: Meeting the Demand | McKinsey.” McKinsey & Company, October 29, 2024. mckinsey.com ↗

T

1. Tarczynska, Kasia. Cloudy Data, Costly Deals: How Poorly States Disclose Data Center Subsidies - Good Jobs First. Good Jobs First, 2025. goodjobsfirst.org ↗
2. Tarczynska, Kasia. “Opportunity Zones.” Good Jobs First, 2026. goodjobsfirst.org ↗
3. Thomas, Ellen. “The AI Data Center Boom Will Create New Jobs. Most Won’t Be at Amazon, Microsoft, Google, or Meta.” Business Insider, March 11, 2025. businessinsider.com ↗
4. Thompson, Jordan, Andrew Howard-JOhnson, and Mikey Jaillet. Chicago Data Center Market. H2 2025. CBRE, 2026. cbre.com ↗
5. Toone, Stephanie. “DeKalb Residents Face Delay in Data Center Regulation Decision.” Rough Draft Atlanta, January 28, 2026. roughdraftatlanta.com ↗
6. Trump, Donald. “Strengthening the Reliability and Security of the United States Electric Grid.” The White House, April 8, 2025. whitehouse.gov ↗

U

1. U.S. Energy Information Administration. “EIA Press Release: EIA Launches Pilot Survey on Energy Use at Data Centers.” Eia.Gov, March 25, 2026. eia.gov ↗
2. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). “Use of Energy Explained.” Eia.Gov. Accessed March 5, 2026. eia.gov ↗
3. US EPA, OAR. “Clean Air Act Resources for Data Centers.” Overviews and Factsheets. May 12, 2026. epa.gov ↗

V

1. Vakacharla, Murali. “Know the Electrical, Power Components in a Data Center - Consulting.” Specifying Engineer, Engineer, January 29, 2026. csemag.com ↗

W

1. Warren, Elizabeth, and Josh Hawley. “Warren, Hawley Lead Bipartisan Push For Mandatory Energy Use Reporting Requirements for Data Centers.” U.S. Senator Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts, March 26, 2026. warren.senate.gov ↗
2. Woodman, Bridget. “Power Grid Issues Are the Leading Cause of Blackouts.” Zero Carbon Analytics, September 24, 2025. zerocarbon-analytics.org ↗